باب الأمر بالمحافظة عَلَى السُّنَّة وآدابِها
قَالَ الله تَعَالَى: { وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا} [ الحشر: 7] ،وَقالَ تَعَالَى: { وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى. إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا وَحْيٌ يُوحَى} [ النجم:4،3] ،وَقالَ تَعَالَى: { قُلْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُحِبُّونَ اللَّهَ فَاتَّبِعُونِي يُحْبِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ} [ آل عمران:31] ،وَقالَ تَعَالَى: { لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ} [ الأحزاب: 21] ،وَقالَ تَعَالَى: { فَلا وَرَبِّكَ لايُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لا يَجِدُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَرَجاً مِمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيماً} [ النساء:65] ،وقال الله تَعَالَى: { فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [ النساء: 59] قَالَ العلماء: معناه إِلَى الكتاب والسُنّة. وَقالَ تَعَالَى: { مَنْ يُطِعِ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ} [ النساء:80] ، وَقالَ تَعَالَى: { وَإِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِي إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ} [ الشورى:52] ، وَقالَ تَعَالَى: { فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [ النور: 63] ،وَقالَ تَعَالَى: { وَاذْكُرْنَ مَا يُتْلَى فِي بُيُوتِكُنَّ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَالْحِكْمَةِ} [ الأحزاب: 34] والآيات في الباب كثيرة. وَأَما الأحاديث:
156 فالأَوَّلُ: عنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رضي اللَّه عنه عن النبيِّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم قَالَ: "دَعُونِي مَا تَرَكتُكُمْ: إِنَّما أَهْلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قبْلكُم كَثْرةُ سُؤَالِهمْ، وَاخْتِلافُهُمْ عَلَى أَنْبيائِهمْ، فَإِذا نَهَيْتُكُمْ عنْ شَيْءٍ فاجْتَنِبُوهُ، وَإِذا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بأَمْرٍ فَأْتُوا مِنْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ" متفقٌ عَلَيهِ.
Hadith 156 - Bab 16 (Observing the Sunnah and the manners of its obedience)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said, "Do not ask me unnecessarily about the details of the things which I do not mention to you. Verily, the people before you were doomed because they were used to putting many questions to their Prophets and had differences about their Prophets. Refrain from what I forbid you and do what I command you to the best of your ability and capacity".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
Selon Abou Hourayra, le Prophète (saws) a dit : « Ne minterrogez pas sur les choses sur lesquelles je me suis tu. Ceux qui étaient avant vous (les Juifs) nont péri quà cause nombreuses questions et leurs désaccords avec leurs prophètes ; quand je vous interdis une chose évitez-la et quand je vous ordonne une chose faites-en ce que vous pouvez ».
157 الثَّاني: عَنْ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ الْعِرْباضِ بْنِ سَارِيَة رضي اللَّه عنه قَالَ: وَعَظَنَا رسولُ اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم مَوْعِظَةً بَليغَةً وَجِلَتْ مِنْهَا الْقُلُوبُ وَذَرَفَتْ مِنْهَا الْعُيُون، فقُلْنَا: يَا رَسولَ اللَّه كَأَنَهَا موْعِظَةُ مُوَدِّعٍ فَأَوْصِنَا. قَالَ: "أُوصِيكُمْ بِتَقْوى اللَّه، وَالسَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ وإِنْ تَأَمَّر عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ حبشيٌ، وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ يَعِشْ مِنْكُمْ فَسَيرى اخْتِلافاً كثِيرا. فَعَلَيْكُمْ بسُنَّتي وَسُنَّةِ الْخُلُفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِينَ الْمَهْدِيِّينَ، عضُّوا عَلَيْهَا بالنَّواجِذِ، وإِيَّاكُمْ ومُحْدثَاتِ الأُمُورِ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ بِدْعَةٍ ضلالَةٌ "رواه أَبُو داود، والترمذِي وَقالَ حديث حسن صحيح.
"النَّواجِذُ"بالذال المعجمةِ: الأَنْيَابُ، وقيلَ: الأَضْرَاسُ.
Hadith 157 - Bab 16 (Observing the Sunnah and the manners of its obedience)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
'Irbad bin Sariyah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: One day Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) delivered us a very eloquent Khutbah on account of which eyes shed tears and hearts were full of tears. A man said: "O Prophet of Allah, this is as if it were a parting advice. So advise us". He (Peace be upon him) said, "I admonish you to fear Allah, to listen and obey even if an Abyssinian slave is appointed as your leader. Because whosoever among you shall live after me, will see much discord. So hold fast to my Sunnah and the examples of the Rightly- Guided Caliphs who will come after me. Adhere to them and hold to it fast. Beware of new things (in Deen) because every Bid'ah is a misguidance".
[Abu Dawud and At- Tirmidhi].
Irbâd Ibn Sâriya (RA) a dit : « Le Messager de Dieu (saws) nous a fait un sermon éloquent qui remplit nos curs de crainte et fit couler nos larmes. Nous lui dîmes : « O Messager de Dieu ! On dirait que cest le sermon de quelquun qui fait ses adieux. Aussi fais-nous quelques recommandations ! » Il dit : « Je vous recommande la crainte pieuse de Dieu ainsi que lobéissance totale même si cest un esclave éthiopien qui sest imposé à vous comme chef. Celui dentre vous qui vivra verra une grande discorde. Accrochez-vous alors à ma tradition et à celle des califes orthodoxes et bien guidés. Saisissez-la fortement avec vos dents. Méfiez-vous des innovations car chaque innovation est une cause dégarement ». (Rapporté par Abou Dâoud)
158 الثَّالِثُ: عَنْ أَبِي هريرةَ رضي اللَّه عنه أَن رَسُولَ اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم قالَ: "كُلُّ أُمَّتِي يدْخُلُونَ الْجنَّةَ إِلاَّ مَنْ أَبِي". قِيلَ وَمَنْ يَأَبى يَا رَسُول اللَّه؟ قالَ:"منْ أَطَاعَنِي دَخَلَ الجنَّةَ، ومنْ عصَانِي فَقَدْ أَبِي" رواه البخاري.
Hadith 158 - Bab 16 (Observing the Sunnah and the manners of its obedience)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said, "Everyone of my Ummah will enter Jannah except those who refuse". He was asked: "Who will refuse?" He (Peace be upon him) said, "Whoever obeys me, shall enter Jannah, and whosoever disobeys me, refuses to (enter Jannah)".
[Al- Bukhari].
Selon Abou Hourayra, le Messager de Dieu (saws) a dit : « Toute ma communauté entre au Paradis sauf celui qui sy refuse ». On dit : « Et qui sy refuse ô Messager de Dieu ? ». Il dit : « Celui qui ma obéi entre au Paradis et celui qui ma désobéi sy est refusé ». (Rapporté par Al Boukhari)
159 الرَّابعُ: عن أَبِي مسلمٍ، وقيلَ: أَبِي إِيَاسٍ سلَمةَ بْنِ عَمْرو بنِ الأَكْوَعِ رضي اللَّه عنه، أَنَّ رَجُلاً أَكَلَ عِنْدَ رسولِ اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم بِشِمَالِهِ فقالَ: "كُلْ بِيمِينكَ"قَالَ: لا أَسْتَطِيعُ قالَ:"لا استطعَت" مَا منعَهُ إِلاَّ الْكِبْرُ فَمَا رَفعَها إِلَى فِيهِ، رواه مسلم.
Hadith 159 - Bab 16 (Observing the Sunnah and the manners of its obedience)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Salamah bin Al-Akwa' (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: My father said that a person ate in the presence of Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) with his left hand. He (Peace be upon him) said, "Eat with your right hand". He said, "I cannot do that." Thereupon he (the Prophet) said, "May you never do that." It was pride that prevented him from doing it. And he could not raise it (the right hand) up to his mouth afterwards.
[Muslim].
Selon Salama Ibn Amr Ibn Al Akwa (RA), quelquun mangea avec sa main gauche chez le Messager de Dieu (saws). Il lui dit : « Mange avec ta main droite ! » Il dit : « Je ne peux pas ». Il dit : « Puisses-tu ne jamais pouvoir ! » Seul son orgueil lavait empêché en effet dobéir au Prophète et il ne pu plus lever sa main droite jusquà sa bouche. (Rapporté par Moslem)
160الْخامِسُ: عنْ أَبِي عبدِ اللَّه النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشيِرٍ رَضيَ اللَّه عنهما، قالَ: سمِعْتُ رسولَ اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم يقولُ: "لَتُسَوُّنَّ صُفُوفَكُمْ أَوْ لَيُخَالِفَنَّ اللَّه بَيْنَ وُجُوهِكمْ" متفقٌ عَلَيهِ
وفي روايةٍ لِمْسلمٍ: كَانَ رسولُ اللُّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم يُسَوِّي صُفُوفَنَآ حَتَّى كأَنَّمَا يُسَوي بِهَا الْقِداحَ حَتَّى إِذَا رأَى أَنَّا قَدْ عَقَلْنَا عَنْهُ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ يَوماً، فقامَ حتَّى كَادَ أَنْ يكبِّرَ، فَرأَى رجُلا بادِياً صدْرُهُ فقالَ: " عِبادَ اللَّه لَتُسوُّنَّ صُفوفَكُمْ أَوْ لَيُخَالِفَنَّ اللَّه بيْن وُجُوهِكُمْ".
Hadith 160 - Bab 16 (Observing the Sunnah and the manners of its obedience)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Nu'man bin Bashir (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said, "Straighten your rows (during Salat) or Allah would create dissension amongst you".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
In another narration reported by Muslim, Nu'man bin Bashir (May Allah be pleased with them) narrated: Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) used to straighten our rows (in Salat), as if he was straightening an arrow with their help until he saw that we had learnt it from him. One day he came out, stood up (for Salat) and was about to say: Allahu Akbar (Allah is the Greatest), (marking the beginning of the prayer) when he saw a man, whose chest was bulging out from the row. He said, "Slaves of Allah, you must straighten your rows or Allah would create dissension amongst you."
Noumân Ibn Bachir (RA) a dit : « Jai entendu dire le Messager de Dieu (saws) : « Vous veillerez soigneusement votre alignement (dans la prière), sinon Dieu sèmera la discorde dans vos curs ». (URA)
161السَّادِسُ: عن أَبِي موسى رضي اللَّه عنه قَالَ: احْتَرق بيْتٌ بالْمدِينَةِ عَلَى أَهلِهِ مِنَ اللَّيْل فَلَمَّا حُدِّث رسولُ اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم بِشَأْنِهمْ قَالَ: "إِنَّ هَذِهِ النَّار عَدُوٌّ لكُمْ، فَإِذَا نِمْتُمْ فَأَطْفِئُوهَا عَنْكُمْ" متَّفقٌ عَلَيهِ.
Hadith 161 - Bab 16 (Observing the Sunnah and the manners of its obedience)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Abu Musa (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: A house in Al- Madinah caught fire at night and the roof and walls
fell down upon the occupants. When this was reported to Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) he said, "Fire is your enemy; so put it out before you go to bed".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Abou Moussa (RA) a dit : « Une maison brûla une nuit sur ses habitants. Quand on rapporta la chose au Messager de Dieu (saws) il dit : « Ce feu est pour vous un ennemi. Quand vous allez vous coucher éteignez-le auparavant ». (URA)
162 السَّابِعُ: عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: "إِنَّ مَثَل مَا بعَثني اللَّه بِهِ منَ الْهُدَى والْعلْمِ كَمَثَلَ غَيْثٍ أَصَاب أَرْضاً فكَانَتْ طَائِفَةٌ طَيبَةٌ، قبِلَتِ الْمَاءَ فأَنْبَتتِ الْكلأَ والْعُشْبَ الْكَثِيرَ، وَكَانَ مِنْهَا أَجَادِبُ أَمسكَتِ الماءَ، فَنَفَعَ اللَّه بِهَا النَّاس فَشَربُوا مِنْهَا وسَقَوْا وَزَرَعَوا. وأَصَابَ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهَا أُخْرَى، إِنَّمَا هِيَ قِيعانٌ لا تُمْسِكُ مَاءً وَلا تُنْبِتُ كَلأ فَذَلِكَ مَثَلُ مَنْ فَقُهَ فِي دِينَ اللَّه، وَنَفَعَه بمَا بعَثَنِي اللَّه بِهِ، فَعَلِمَ وعَلَّمَ، وَمثلُ مَنْ لَمْ يَرْفَعْ بِذلِكَ رَأْساً وِلَمْ يَقْبَلْ هُدَى اللَّهِ الَّذِي أُرْسِلْتُ بِهِ" متفقٌ عَلَيهِ."فقُهَ"بِضم الْقَافِ عَلَى الْمَشْهُورِ، وقيلَ: بكَسْرِهَا، أَيْ: صارَ فَقِيهاً.
Hadith 162 - Bab 16 (Observing the Sunnah and the manners of its obedience)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Abu Musa (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said, "The similitude of guidance and knowledge with which Allah has sent me is like a rain which has fallen on some ground. A fertile part of earth has absorbed water and brought forth much grass and herbs. Another part, which is solid, held the water and Allah benefits men thereby, who drank and gave others to drink, and used it for irrigation. But some of it has fallen on a portion of sandy land which neither retains the water nor produces herbage. Such is the likeness of the man who understands the religion of Allah and who gets benefit of what Allah has sent me with; he learns and teaches others. It is also the likeness of the man who neither raises his head on that account (meaning he does not benefit from what the Prophet (Peace be upon him) was sent with) nor accepts Allah's Guidance with which I am sent".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Toujours selon lui, le Messager de Dieu (saws) a dit : « Limage de ce que Dieu a envoyé avec moi comme bonne direction et science est celle dune pluie bienfaisante ayant atteint une terre. Une partie de cette terre était bonne. Elle absorba leau et fit pousser en abondance de lherbe et de la verdure. Une partie était stérile mains retint leau à sa surface si bien que Dieu en a fait profiter les gens. Ils en burent et en abreuvèrent leurs animaux et leurs champs. Enfin une autre partie était plate et sablonneuse. Elle ne retint pas leau et ne fit pousser aucune verdure. Telle est limage de celui qui a bien assimilé la Religion. Ainsi il tira profit de ce que Dieu envoya avec moi. Il lapprit lui-même et lenseigna aux autres ou de celui qui a appris cette science mais nen tira lui-même aucun profit, ou enfin de celui qui na rien retenu de la bonne direction dont Dieu a fait lobjet de ma mission ».
163الثَّامِنُ: عن جابرٍ رضي اللَّه عنه قَالَ: قالَ رسول اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: "مثَلِي ومثَلُكُمْ كَمَثَل رجُلٍ
أَوْقَدَ نَاراً فَجَعَلَ الْجَنَادِبُ وَالْفَراشُ يَقَعْنَ فيهَا وهُوَ يذُبُّهُنَّ عَنهَا وأَنَا آخذٌ بحُجَزِكُمْ عَنِ النارِ، وأَنْتُمْ تَفَلَّتُونَ منْ يَدِي "رواه مسلمٌ.
"الْجَنَادبُ": نَحْوُ الجَراد والْفرَاشِ، هَذَا هُوَ المَعْرُوفُ الَّذِي يَقعُ في النَّار."والْحُجَزُ": جَمْعُ حُجْزَةٍ، وهِي معْقِدُ الإِزَار والسَّراويلِ.
Hadith 163 - Bab 16 (Observing the Sunnah and the manners of its obedience)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Jabir (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said, "My parable and that of yours is like a man who kindled a fire. When it has illuminated all around him, the moths and grasshoppers began to fall therein. He tried to push them away, but they overcame him and jumped into it. I am catching hold of your waists ties (to save you) from fire, but you slip away from my hands".
[Muslim].
Selon JAber (RA) ,le Messager de Dieu (saws) a dit : « Mon image et la votre est celle de quelquun qui a allumé un feu (le soir). Les criquets et les papillons se mirent à y tomber cependant quil cherchait à les en écarter. Cest ainsi que moi-même je vous retiens par le fond de votre culotte pour vous éviter de tomber dans le feu, tandis que vous échappez de ma main. » (Rapporté par Moslem)
164 التَّاسعُ: عَنْهُ أَنْ رسولَ اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم أَمَر بِلَعْقِ الأَصابِعِ وَالصحْفةِ وَقَالَ: "إِنَّكُم لا تَدْرُونَ في أَيِّهَا الْبَرَكَةَ" رواه مسلم.
وفي رواية لَهُ: "إِذَا وَقَعتْ لُقْمةُ أَحدِكُمْ. فَلْيَأْخُذْهَا فَلْيُمِطْ مَا كَانَ بِهَا مِنْ أَذًى، وَلْيَأْكُلْهَا، وَلا يَدَعْهَا لَلشَّيْطانِ، وَلا يَمْسَحْ يَدَهُ بِالْمَندِيلِ حَتَّى يَلْعَقَ أَصَابِعهُ، فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يدْرِي في أَيِّ طَعَامِهِ الْبَركَةَ ".
وفي رواية لَهُ: "إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَحْضُرُ أَحَدكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ شَيءٍ مِنْ شَأْنِهِ حَتَّى يَحْضُرَهُ عِنْدَ طَعَامِهِ، فَإِذَا سَقَطَتْ مِنْ أَحَدِكُمْ اللُّقْمَةُ فَلْيُمِطْ مَا كَان بِهَا منْ أَذًى، فَلْيأْكُلْها، وَلا يَدَعْهَا لِلشَّيْطَانِ".
Hadith 164 - Bab 16 (Observing the Sunnah and the manners of its obedience)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Jabir (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) commanded the licking of fingers (after eating) and the cleaning of the dish, saying: "You do not know in what portion the Blessing (of Allah) lies".
[Muslim].
In another narration, Jabir said: Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said, "When a morsel of any of you falls down, you should pick it up and remove any dirt or dust on it and then eat it; and don't leave it for Satan; and do not wipe your hand with the towel until you have licked your fingers, for you do not know in what portion of the food the Barakah* (of Allah) lies".
* Barakah is the abundance of goodness and its continuity.
Toujours daprès lui, le Messager de Dieu (saws) a ordonné de se lécher les doigts et de racler le fond des ustensiles. Il a dit : « Vous ne savez pas dans quelle partie de votre manger se trouve la bénédiction de Dieu ». (Rapporté par Moslem)