باب الورع وترك الشبهات
588 وعن النُّعمان بنِ بَشيرٍ رضيَ اللَّه عنهما قال: سمِعْتُ رسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم يَقُولُ: "إِنَّ الحَلاَلَ بَيِّنٌ، وإِنَّ الحَرامَ بَيِّنٌ، وَبَيْنَهما مُشْتَبِهاتٌ لاَ يَعْلَمُهُنَّ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ، فَمَن اتَّقى الشُّبُهاتِ، اسْتَبْرَأَ لِدِينِهِ وعِرْضِهِ، وَمَنْ وَقَعَ فِي الشبُهاتِ، وقَعَ في الحَرامِ، كالرَّاعي يرْعى حَوْلَ الحِمى يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَرْتَع فِيهِ، أَلاَ وإِنَّ لِكُلِّ مَلِكٍ حِمًى، أَلاَ وَإِنَّ حِمَى اللَّهِ مَحَارِمهُ، أَلاَ وإِنَّ فِي الجسَدِ مُضغَةً إِذَا صلَحَت صَلَحَ الجسَدُ كُلُّهُ، وَإِذا فَسَدَتْ فَسدَ الجَسَدُ كُلُّهُ: أَلاَ وَهِي القَلْبُ" متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ. ورَوَياه مِنْ طُرُقٍ بأَلْفاظٍ مُتَقارِبَةٍ.
Hadith 588 - Bab 68 (Leading an Abstemious Life and refraining from the Doubtful)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
An-Nu'man bin Bashir (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said, "What is lawful is clear and what is unlawful is clear, but between them are certain doubtful things which many people do not know. So he who guards against doubtful things keeps his religion and his honour blameless. But he who falls into doubtful things falls into that which is unlawful, just as a shepherd who grazes his cattle in the vicinity of a pasture declared prohibited (by the king); he is likely to stray into the pasture. Mind you, every king has a protected pasture and Allah's involved limits is that which He has declared unlawful. Verily, there is a piece of flesh in the body, if it is healthy, the whole body is healthy, and if it is corrupt, the whole body is corrupt. Verily, it is the heart."
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Annou"màn Ibn Bashir (das) rapporte: «J"ai entendu le Messager de Dieu (bsdl) dire: «Les choses licites sont bien définies et les choses interdites sont bien définies. Entre les deux il y a des choses équivoques que peu de gens connaissent, Celui qui s"est mis à l"abri des choses équivoques a tout fait pour blanchir sa foi et sa réputation et celui qui s"y est laissé tomber est tombé dans les choses interdites, tel le berger qui ne cesse de faire paître ses troupeaux autour du domaine (du roi). Il n"est donc pas loin de l"empiéter. Sachez que chaque roi a son domaine réservé et sachez que les domaines réservés de Dieu sont Ses interdits. Sachez que dans le corps humain il y a une bouchée de viande. Quand cette bouchée est bonne, tout le corps est bon; et quand elle est devenue mauvaise, tout le corps le devient. Sachez que cette bouchée est le cœur».
589 وعن أَنسٍ رضيَ اللَّهُ عنه أَنَّ النَبِيَّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم وَجَدَ تَمْرَةً فِي الطَّرِيقِ، فقالَ: "لَوْلاَ أَنِّي أَخافُ أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ لأَكَلْتُها". متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Hadith 589 - Bab 68 (Leading an Abstemious Life and refraining from the Doubtful)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Anas bin Malik (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (Peace be upon him) found a dry date-fruit lying in the way and said, "Had it not been for fear of being from charity I would have eaten it."
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Selon Anas (das), le Prophète (bsdl) trouva sur son chemin une datte. Il dit: «Si je ne craignais pas qu"elle fasse partie des aumônes, je la mangerais».
590 وعن النَّوَّاسِ بنِ سَمعانَ رضي اللَّه عنه عن النبيِّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم قَالَ: "البرُّ حُسنُ الخُلُقِ وَالإِثمُ مَا حاكَ فِي نفْسِكَ، وكَرِهْتَ أَنْ يَطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ" رواه مسلم.
"حاكَ"بالحاءِ المهملة والكاف، أَيْ تَرَدَّدَ فيهِ.
Hadith 590 - Bab 68 (Leading an Abstemious Life and refraining from the Doubtful)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
An-Nawwas bin Sam'an (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said, "Piety is good manner, and sin is that which creates doubt and you do not like people to know of it."
[Muslim].
Selon Annawàs Ibn Sam"an (das), le Prophète (bsdl) a dit: «Le summum de la bonté c"est la courtoisie et le péché c"est tout ce qui te met dans l"embarras avec toi-même et que tu n"aimerais pas que les gens le découvrent». (Rapporté par Moslem)
591 وعن وابصةَ بنِ مَعْبِدٍ رضيَ اللَّه عنه قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رسولَ اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم فَقَالَ: " جِئْتَ تسأَلُ عنِ البِرِّ؟ "قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ:"اسْتَفْتِ قَلْبَكَ، البِرُّ: مَا اطْمَأَنَّتْ إِلَيْهِ النَّفْسُ، واطْمَأَنَّ إِلَيْهِ القَلْبُ، والإِثمُ مَا حاكَ في النَّفْسِ وتَرَدَّدَ فِي الصَّدْرِ، وإِنْ أَفْتَاكَ النَّاسُ وَأَفْتَوكَ" حديثٌ حسن، رواهُ أحمدُ، والدَّارَمِيُّ في"مُسْنَدَيْهِما".
Hadith 591 - Bab 68 (Leading an Abstemious Life and refraining from the Doubtful)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Wabisah bin Ma'bad (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: I went to Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) and he asked me, "Have you come to inquire about piety?" I replied in the affirmative. Then he said, "Ask your heart regarding it. Piety is that which contents the soul and comforts the heart, and sin is that which causes doubts and perturbs the heart, even if people pronounce it lawful and give you verdicts on such matters again and again."
[Ahmad and Ad- Darmi].
Wabisa Ibn Ma"bad (das) rapporte: «Je me rendis une fois auprès du Messager de Dieu (bsdl). Il me dit: «Tu viens me demander ce qu"est le bien?» Je dis: «Oui». Il dit: «Prends-en l"avis de ton propre cœur. Le bien est tout ce qui ne trouble pas la sérénité de l"âme et du cœur. Le mal est ce qui te met dans l"embarras avec toi-même et qui ne fait qu"hésiter dans ta poitrine, quand bien même les gens t"en donnent une appréciation favorable et quand bien même ils t"en donnent un bon avis».
592 وعن أَبي سِرْوَعَةَ بكسر السين المهملة وفتحها عُقْبَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ رضي اللَّهُ عنهُ أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةً لأبي إِهاب بنِ عَزِيزٍ، فَأَتَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي قَد أَرْضَعْتُ عُقْبَةَ وَالتي قَدْ تَزَوَّجَ بِهَا، فَقَالَ لَها عُقبةُ: مَا أَعْلَمُ أَنَّكِ أَرضَعْتِني وَلاَ أَخْبَرتِني، فَرَكَبَ إِلى رسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم بالمَدِينَةِ، فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ رسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: "كَيْفَ، وَقَدْ قِيلَ؟،" ففَارقَهَا عُقْبَةُ ونكَحَتْ زَوْجاً غيرَهُ. رواهُ البخاري.
"إِهَابٌ"بكسرِ الهمزة، وَ"عزِيزٌ"بفتح العين وبزاي مكررة.
Hadith 592 - Bab 68 (Leading an Abstemious Life and refraining from the Doubtful)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
'Uqbah bin Al-Harith (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that he had married a daughter of Abu Ihab bin 'Aziz and a woman came to him and said she had suckled both 'Uqbah and the woman whom he had married, to which he replied: "I am not aware that you suckled me, and you did not inform me." So he ('Uqbah) rode to Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) in Al-Madinah and put the matter before him. The Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said, "How can you continue (to be her husband) after what you have been told?" 'Uqbah (May Allah be pleased with him) therefore divorced her and she married another man.
[Al- Bukhari].
"Oqba Ibn Al Hâreth (das) épousa l"une des filles de Abou Ihàb Ibn "Aziz. Une femme vint lui dire: «J"ai donné mon sein à "Oqba en même temps qu"à celle qu"il vient d"épouser (alors que c"est sa sœur de lait et elle lui est interdite)». "Oqba dit: «Je ne me rappelle pas avoir tête de ton sein ni l"avoir appris de toi avant ce jour». Il monta sur son chameau et alla voir le Messager de Dieu (bsdl) à Médine. Il lui demanda son avis sur la question. Le Messager de Dieu (bsdl) lui dit: «Comment épouses-tu cette femme alors qu"on t"a dit que c"est ta sœur de lait?» Aussitôt "Oqba la répudia et elle se maria à quelqu"un d"autre». (Rapporté par Al Boukhàri)
593 وعن الحَسَنِ بن عَليٍّ رضّيَ اللَّهُ عنهما، قَالَ: حَفِظْتُ مِنْ رَسُول اللَّهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: "دَعْ مَا يَرِيبُكَ إِلى مَا لاَ يرِيبُك" رواهُ الترمذي وقال حديث حسن صحيح.
ومعناهُ: اتْرُكْ مَا تَشُكُّ فِيهِ، وخُذْ مَا لاَ تَشُكَّ فِيهِ.
Hadith 593 - Bab 68 (Leading an Abstemious Life and refraining from the Doubtful)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Hasan bin 'Ali (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: I have retained these words of Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him), "Leave what causes you doubt and turn to what does not cause you doubt."
[At- Tirmidhi].
Al Hasan Ibn "Ali (das) a dit: «J"ai appris du Messager de Dieu (bsdl) ces paroles: «Renonce à ce qui t"inspire du doute pour ce qui ne t"en inspire pas». (Rapporté par Atirmidhi)
594 وعن عائشةَ رضيَ اللَّهُ عنها، قَالَتْ: كانَ لأبي بَكْرٍ الصَّدِّيقِ، رضيَ اللَّهُ عنهُ غُلامٌ يُخْرِجُ لَهُ الخَراجَ وكانَ أَبو بَكْرٍ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ خَرَاجِهِ، فَجَاءَ يَوماً بِشَيءٍ، فَأَكَلَ مِنْهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الغُلامُ: تَدْرِي مَا هَذا؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: ومَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: كُنْتُ تَكَهَّنْتُ لإِنْسَانٍ في الجاهِلِيَّةِ ومَا أُحْسِن الكَهَانَةَ إِلاَّ أَنِّي خَدَعْتُهُ، فَلَقِيني، فَأَعْطَاني بِذلكَ هَذَا الَّذِي أَكَلْتَ مِنْهُ، فَأَدْخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدَه فَقَاءَ كُلَّ شَيءٍ فِي بَطْنِهِ، رواه البخاري.
"الخَراجُ": شَيءَ يَجْعَلُهُ السَّيِّدُ عَلى عَبْدِهِ يُؤدِّيهِ إلى السيِّد كُلّ يَومٍ، وَبَاقي كَسبِهِ يَكُونُ للعَبْدِ.
Hadith 594 - Bab 68 (Leading an Abstemious Life and refraining from the Doubtful)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
'Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him) had a slave who brought him his earnings and Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him) would eat from it. One day he brought him something and when Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him) had eaten some of it, the slave asked him whether he knew where he had got that (food) from, Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him) asked what it was, and he replied: I acted as a soothsayer for a man in the pre-Islamic period, and not being good at it, I deceived him; today he met me and he rewarded me for that soothsaying what you have eaten. Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him) put his hand in his mouth and vomited up all that he had eaten.
[Al- Bukhari].
"Àisha (das) rapporte: «Abou Bakr Assidiq (son père) avait un esclave qui lui versait une part convenue de ses revenus. Abou Bakr mangeait de cette contribution. Un jour l"esclave lui apporta quelque chose dont Abou Bakr mangea. Le jeune homme lui dit: «Sais-tu de quoi tu viens de manger?» Abou Bakr dit: «Non». Il lui dit: «J"avais fait une prédication à quelqu"un avant mon entrée en Islam, alors, qu"en réalité, je ne savais rien de l"art de la divination. Je l"avais tout simplement trompé et il me donna en salaire ce dont tu viens de manger». Aussitôt Abou Bakr mit sa main dans son gosier et vomit tout ce qu"il avait dans le ventre». (Rapporté par Al Boukhâri)
595 وعن نافِعٍ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخَطَّابِ رَضيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، كَانَ فَرَضَ للْمُهاجِرِينَ الأَوَّلِينَ أَربَعَةَ آلافٍ، وفَرَضَ لابْنِهِ ثلاثةَ آلافٍ وخَمْسَمائةٍ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: هُوَ مِنَ المُهاجِرِينَ فَلِم نَقَصْتَهُ؟ فَقَالَ: إِنَّما هَاجَر بِهِ أَبُوه يَقُولُ: لَيْسَ هُوَ كَمَنْ هَاجَرَ بِنَفْسِهِ. رواهُ البخاري.
Hadith 595 - Bab 68 (Leading an Abstemious Life and refraining from the Doubtful)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Nafi' (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: 'Umar bin Al-Khattab (May Allah be pleased with him) fixed the payment amounting to four thousand dirhams for each of the early Emigrants, but for his son, he fixed only three thousand five hundred. He was asked: "He is also an (early) Emigrant, why have you fixed a lesser sum for him?" He said: "It was his father who took him along with him. He is not like one who emigrated by himself."
[Al-Bukhari].
Selon Nafà", "Omar Ibn Al Khattâb (das) avait assigné aux premiers exilés de la Mecque une rente annuelle de quatre mille (dinars ou dirhams) cependant qu"il n"en alloua que trois mille cinq cents à son propre fils ("Abdullàh). On lui dit: «II fait partie des exilés de la Mecque, pourquoi lui donnes-tu moins que les autres?» Il dit: «Ce sont plutôt ses parents qui l"on amenés avec eux dans leur exil» voulant dire par là qu"il n"avait pas le même mérite que celui qui avait émigré de lui-même». (Rapporté par Al Boukhâri)
596 وعن عطِيَّةَ بنِ عُرْوةَ السَّعْدِيِّ الصَّحَابِيِّ رضيَ اللَّه عنهُ قالَ. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم "لايبلغ العبدُ أَنْ يَكُونَ منَ المُتَّقِينَ حَتَّى يَدَعَ مالا بَأْس بِهِ حَذراً لما بِهِ بَأْسٌ".
رواهُ الترمذي وقال: حديثٌ حسن.
Hadith 596 - Bab 68 (Leading an Abstemious Life and refraining from the Doubtful)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
'Atiyyah bin 'Urwah As-Sa'di (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said, "No one will attain complete righteousness until he abandons (certain) unobjectionable (but doubtful) things so as to remain on his guard against something objectionable."
[At-Tirmidhi].
Selon "Atiya "Orwa Asà"idi (das), le Messager de Dieu (bsdl) a dit: «L"homme n"atteint vraiment le degré de la piété que lorsqu"il renonce à ce qui est admis de peur de commettre l"interdit».