بَابُ اليقين وَالتوكّل
{ وَلَمَّا رَأى الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْأَحْزَابَ قَالُوا هَذَا مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَصَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَمَا زَادَهُمْ إِلَّا إِيمَاناً وَتَسْلِيماً} [ الأحزاب: 22] وَقالَ تَعَالَى: { الَّذِينَ قَالَ لَهُمُ النَّاسُ إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ جَمَعُوا لَكُمْ فَاخْشَوْهُمْ فَزَادَهُمْ إِيمَاناً وَقَالُوا حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ فَانْقَلَبُوا بِنِعْمَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَفَضْلٍ لَمْ يَمْسَسْهُمْ سُوءٌ وَاتَّبَعُوا رِضْوَانَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَظِيمٍ} [ آل عمران: 173،174] وَقالَ تَعَالَى: { وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى الْحَيِّ الَّذِي لا يَمُوتُ} [ الفرقان: 58] وَقالَ تَعَالَى: { وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ} [ إبراهيم: 11] وَقالَ تَعَالَى: { فَإِذَا عَزَمْتَ فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ} [ آل عمران: 159] والآيات في الأمرِ بالتوكلِ كثيرةٌ معلومةٌ. وَقالَ تَعَالَى: { وَمَنْ يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَهُوَ حَسْبُهُ} [ الطلاق: 3] أي: كافِيهِ. وَقالَ تَعَالَى: { إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَإِذَا تُلِيَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُهُ زَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَاناً وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ} [ لأنفال: 2] والآيات في فضل التوكل كثيرة معروفة.) وأمّا الأحاديث:
قَالَ الله تَعَالَى:
74 فَالأوَّلَ: عَن ابْن عَبَّاسٍ رضي اللَّهُ عنهما قَالَ: قَالَ رسولُ اللَّه صلى اللَّه عليه وآله وسلم: "عُرضَت عليَّ الأمَمُ، فَرَأيْت النَّبِيَّ وَمعَه الرُّهيْطُ والنَّبِيَّ ومَعهُ الرَّجُل وَالرَّجُلانِ، وَالنَّبِيَّ وليْسَ مَعهُ أحدٌ إِذْ رُفِعَ لِى سوادٌ عظيمٌ فظننتُ أَنَّهُمْ أُمَّتِي، فَقِيلَ لِى: هَذَا مُوسَى وقومه ولكن انظر إلى الأفق فَإِذا سَوادٌ عَظِيمٌ فقيلَ لي انْظُرْ إِلَى الأفُقِ الآخَرِ فَإِذَا سَوَادٌ عَظيمٌ فقيلَ لِي: هَذه أُمَّتُكَ، ومعَهُمْ سبْعُونَ أَلْفاً يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّة بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ ولا عَذَابٍ"ثُمَّ نَهَض فَدَخَلَ منْزِلَهُ، فَخَاض النَّاسُ في أُولَئِكَ الَّذينَ يدْخُلُون الْجنَّةَ بِغَيْرِ حسابٍ وَلا عذابٍ، فَقَالَ بعْضهُمْ: فَلَعَلَّهُمْ الَّذينَ صَحِبُوا رسولَ اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، وقَال بعْضهُم: فَلعَلَّهُمْ الَّذينَ وُلِدُوا في الإسْلامِ، فَلَمْ يُشْرِكُوا باللَّه شَيئاً
Hadith 74 - Bab 7 (Firm Belief and Perfect Reliance on Allah)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said, "I was shown the past nations. I saw a Prophet who had a very small group (less than ten in total) with him, another Prophet who was accompanied by only one or two men and some did not have even one. Suddenly I was shown a huge crowd and I thought that they were my Ummah, but I was told: 'This is Musa (Moses) and his people, but look towards the other side.' I looked and beheld a great assemblage. I was told: 'These are your people and amongst them there are seventy thousand who shall enter Jannah without being taken to account or torment". Then the Prophet (Peace be upon him) stood up and went into his apartment, and the Companions began to guess who may be those people who would enter Jannah without any accounting or torment. Some said: "Probably, they are the ones who kept company with Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him)". Others said: "Probably, they are the ones who have been born as Muslims and have never associated anyone with Allah in worship". Then Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) came out and asked, "What are you discussing?" So they told him. He then said, "They are those who do not make Ruqyah (blowing over themselves after reciting the Qur'an or some prayers and supplications the Prophet (Peace be upon him) used to say) nor seek it, nor perceive omens (i.e., they are not pessimistic) but keep trust in their Rubb (Allah)." On this 'Ukashah bin Mihsan stood up and asked: "Pray to Allah to make me one of them." The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said, "You are one of them." Then another man stood up and asked the same thing. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) answered, "'Ukashah has surpassed you".
[Al-Bukhari and Mulsim].
Ibn Abbas (RA) a dit : « Le Messager de Dieu (saws) a dit : « On a fait défiler devant moi les communautés religieuses (ou nations). Je vis alors un tel prophète et avec lui moins de dix adeptes, tel autre avec un ou deux partisans et un tel autre nen ayant aucun. Tout à coup on éleva vers moi une foule énorme et je crus que cétait ma communauté. Mais on me dit : « Voilà Moïse et sa nation. Regarde plutôt à lhorizon ». Je regardai et vis apparaître des masses innombrables. On me dit alors ; « Regarde de lautre côté de lhorizon » et voilà surgir une foule immense. « Cest tout cela ta nation et, avec elle, soixante dix mille hommes qui entreront au Paradis sans subir aucun jugement et aucun tourment ». Puis il se leva et rentra chez lui. Les gens se mirent alors à conjecturer sur ces bienheureux qui entreront au Paradis sans jugements ni tourments. Certains dirent : « Cest sans doute ceux qui ont été les compagnons du Prophète (saws) ». Dautres dirent : « Ce sont peut-être ceux qui sont nés en Islam et nont ainsi jamais rien associés à Dieu ». On fit dautres supputations. Cest alors que le Messager de Dieu (saws) se présenta à eux de nouveau et leur dit : « A propos de quoi discutez-vous ainsi ? » Ils lui dirent lobjet de leurs discussions et il dit : « Ce sont plutôt ceux qui ne soignent pas par les incantations et ne se font pas soigner par elles. Ceux qui ne croient point au mauvais augure et qui sen remettent en tout à leur Seigneur ». Juste à ce moment se leva Oukkâsha Ibn Mohsin qui dit : « Prie Dieu pour que jen sois ! » Il lui dit : « Tu es effectivement lun de ceux là ». Quelquun dautre se leva pour faire la même demande. Il lui dit : « Cest là une faveur où ta déjà précédé Oukkaâsha » (URA)
75 الثَّانِي: عَنْ ابْن عبَّاس رضي اللَّه عنهما أيْضاً أَنَّ رَسُول اللَّهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم كانَ يقُولُ: "اللَّهُم لَكَ أسْلَمْتُ وبِكَ آمنْتُ، وعليكَ توَكَّلْتُ، وإلَيكَ أنَبْتُ، وبِكَ خاصَمْتُ. اللَّهمَّ أعُوذُ بِعِزَّتِكَ، لا إلَه إلاَّ أنْتَ أنْ تُضِلَّنِي أنْت الْحيُّ الَّذي لاَ تمُوتُ، وَالْجِنُّ وَالإِنْسُ يمُوتُونَ" متفقٌ عَلَيهِ
Hadith 75 - Bab 7 (Firm Belief and Perfect Reliance on Allah)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) used to supplicate: "O Allah! To You I have submitted, and in You do I believe, and in You I put my trust, to You do I turn, and for You I argued. O Allah, I seek refuge with You through Your Power; there is none worthy of worship except You Alone; that You safeguard me against going astray. You are the Ever Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists; the One Who never dies, whereas human beings and jinn will all die".
[Al- Bukhari and Muslim].
Daprès Ibn Abbas (RA), le Messager de Dieu (saws) disait : « Seigneur Dieu ! Je me soumis à Ta volonté, jai cru en Toi, je men suis remis à Toi ; cest vers Toi que je suis retourné et cest par Toi que jai pris à partie (mes adversaires). Seigneur Dieu ! Je me mets sous la protection de Ta Toute Puissance, nul Dieu autre que Toi, afin que Tu ne mégares pas. Cest Toi le Vivant qui pourvoit à la subsistance et à la sauvegarde de toute chose, qui ne meurt pas tandis que les génies et les humains meurent » (URA).
وفي رواية لَهُ عن ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رضي اللَّه عنهما قَالَ:"كَانَ آخِرَ قَوْل إبْراهِيمَ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم حِينَ ألْقِي في النَّارِ"حسْبي اللَّهُ وَنِعمَ الْوَكِيلُ".
Hadith 76 - Bab 7 (Firm Belief and Perfect Reliance on Allah)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) said: When (Prophet) Ibrahim (Abraham) was thrown into the fire, he said: "Allah (Alone) is sufficient for us, and, He is the Best Disposer of affairs." So did Messenger of Allah Muhammad (Peace be upon him) when he was told: "A great army of the pagans had gathered against him, so fear them". But this (warning) only increased him and the Muslims in Faith and they said: "Allah (Alone) is sufficient for us, and He is the Best Disposer of affairs (for us)".
[Al-Bukhari].
Ibn Abbas (RA) a dit : « Dieu nous suffit et quel bon défenseur ! » Cest la formule prononcée par Abraham (as) quand on le jeta au feu. Elle a été de même prononcée par Mohammad (saws) quand on lui dit : « Les gens ont mobilisé des masses contre vous, craignez-les ». Cela augmenta leur foi et ils dirent : « Dieu nous suffit et quel bon défenseur ! ». (Rapporté par Al Boukhari)
قيل معْنَاهُ مُتوَكِّلُون، وقِيلَ قُلُوبُهُمْ رقِيقةٌ.
Hadith 77 - Bab 7 (Firm Belief and Perfect Reliance on Allah)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said, "A group of people (both men and women) whose hearts will be like the hearts of birds, will enter Jannah".
[Muslim].
It has been interpreted that such people are those who put their trust in Allah; another interpretation is that these people are tender- hearted.
Selon Abou Hourayra (RA), le prophète (as) a dit : « Il entrera au Paradis des gens dont les curs sont comme ceux des oiseaux ». (Rapporté par Moslem)
78الْخَامِسُ: عنْ جَابِرٍ رضي اللَّهُ عنه أَنَّهُ غَزَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ فَلَمَّا قَفَل رَسُول اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم قَفَل مَعهُمْ، فأدْركتْهُمُ الْقائِلَةُ في وادٍ كَثِيرِ الْعضَاهِ، فَنَزَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، وتَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ يسْتظلُّونَ بالشَّجَرِ، ونَزَلَ رسولُ اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم تَحْتَ سمُرَةٍ، فَعَلَّقَ بِهَا سيْفَه، ونِمْنَا نوْمةً، فَإِذَا رسولُ اللَّهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم يدْعونَا، وإِذَا عِنْدَهُ أعْرابِيُّ فقَالَ: "إنَّ هَذَا اخْتَرَطَ عَلَيَّ سيْفي وأَنَا نَائِمٌ، فاسْتيقَظتُ وَهُو في يدِهِ صَلْتاً، قالَ: مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ منِّي؟ قُلْتُ: اللَّه
Hadith 78 - Bab 7 (Firm Belief and Perfect Reliance on Allah)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Jabir (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: I went in an expedition along with the Prophet (Peace be upon him) in the direction of Najd. When Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) returned, I also returned with him. Then the mid-day sleep overtook us in a valley full of prickly shrubs. Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) got down and the people scattered around seeking shade under the trees. Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) hang up his sword on the branch of a tree. We were enjoying a sleep when Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) called us, and lo! There was a desert Arab bedouin near him. He (Peace be upon him) said, "This man brandished my sword over me while I was asleep. I woke up and saw it in his hand unsheathed. He asked: `Who will protect you from me?' I replied: 'Allah' - thrice". He did not punish him and sat down.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
In another narration, Jabir (May Allah be pleased with him) said: We accompanied Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) in the campaign of Dhat-ur-Riqa`. We left Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) to take rest under a shady tree. One of the polytheists came to him. The sword of Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) was hanging on a tree. He drew it and said: "Are you afraid of me?'' Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said, "No". Then he said: "Who will then protect you from me?'' Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) replied, "Allah".
And in a narration of Abu Bakr Al-Isma`ili, the polytheist asked: "Who will protect you from me?'' Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) replied, "Allah.'' As soon as he said this, the sword fell down from his hand and Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) catching the sword, asked him, "Who will protect you from me.'' He said, "Please forgive me.'' Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said, "On condition you testify that there is none worthy of worship but Allah and that I am His Messenger.'' He said, "No, but I promise you that I shall not fight against you, nor shall I be with those who fight with you". The Prophet (Peace be upon him) let him go. He then went back to his companions and said: "I have come to you from one of the best of mankind".
On rapporte au sujet de Jaber (RA) quil a accompagné le Messager de Dieu (saws) dans lune de ses campagnes vers le Nejd Quand le Messager de Dieu (saws) rebroussa chemin, il rebroussa chemin avec eux et la caravane les rejoignit dans une vallée pleine de grands arbres épineux. Le Messager de Dieu (saws) mit pied à terre et les gens se dispersèrent pour se placer à lombre des arbres : « Le Messager de Dieu (saws) sinstalla sous un grand arbre. Il y accrocha son sabre et nous plongeâmes tous dans le sommeil. Tout à coup le Messager de Dieu (saws) nous appela et auprès de lui se tenait un bédouin. Il dit : « Cet individu a dégainé contre moi mon propre sabre alors que je dormais. Je me suis réveillé alors quil le tenait nu. Il me dit : « Qui te protège de moi ? » Je dis : « Dieu » trois fois de suite . Il ne le chatia pas et sassit. ». (URA)
معْناهُ تَذْهَبُ أوَّلَ النَّهَارِ خِماصاً: أي ضَامِرةَ الْبُطونِ مِنَ الْجُوعِ، وترْجِعُ آخِرَ النَّهَارِ بِطَاناً: أيْ مُمْتَلِئةَ الْبُطُونِ.
Hadith 79 - Bab 7 (Firm Belief and Perfect Reliance on Allah)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) saying: "If you all depend on Allah with due reliance, He would certainly give you provision as He gives it to birds who go forth hungry in the morning and return with full belly at dusk".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Omar (RA) a dit : « Jai entendu dire le Messager de Dieu (saws) : « Si vous vous en remettez à Dieu comme il convient de sen remettre à Lui, Il vous apportera votre subsistance comme Il lapporte aux oiseaux qui quittentle matin leur nid le ventre creux pour y rentrer le soir le ventre plein. » (Rapporté par Tirmidhi)
وفي رواية في الصَّحيحين عن الْبرَاء قَالَ: قَالَ لي رَسُول اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: "إذَا أتَيْتَ مضجعَكَ فَتَوَضَّأْ وُضُوءَكَ للصَّلاَةِ، ثُمَّ اضْطَجِعْ عَلَى شِقِّكَ الأيْمَنِ وقُلْ: وذَكَر نحْوَه ثُمَّ قَالَ وَاجْعَلْهُنَّ آخرَ ما تَقُولُ ".
Hadith 80 - Bab 7 (Firm Belief and Perfect Reliance on Allah)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Al-Bara' bin 'Azib (May Allah be pleased with them) said: Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) asked me to recite whenever I go to bed: "Allahumma aslamtu nafsi ilaika, wa wajjahtu wajhi ilaika, wa fawwadtu amri ilaika, wal-ja'tu zahri ilaika, raghbatan wa rahbatan ilaika, la malja wa la manja minka illa ilaika. Amantu bikitabikal-ladhi anzalta, wa nabiyyikal-ladhi arsalta (O Allah! I have submitted myself to You, I have turned my face to You, entrusted my affairs to You; and committed my back to You out of desire for You and fear of You; expecting Your reward and fearing Your punishment). There is no refuge and no place of safety from You but with You. I believe in the Book You have revealed and in the Prophet You have sent." Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said that if anyone recited these words and died that night, he would die in the true religion. In case he remains alive till morning, he will obtain good.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
In another narration: He reported Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) as saying: "If you go to bed, perform the Salat Wudu', lie down on your right side and say [the above Du'a (supplication)] and let these words be your last".
Selon Al Barâ (RA), le Messager de Dieu (saws) a dit : « O untel ! Quand tu te mets au lit dis : « Je soumets ma personne à Toi. Je tourne mon visage vers Toi, je men remets en toute chose à Toi et je place mon dos sous Ta protection espérant Ta récompense et craignant Ton châtiment. On ne peut se réfugier de Toi ni être sauvé de Toi en dehors de Toi. Je crois en Ton livre que tu as fait descendre et à Ton Prophète que Tu as envoyé ». Si tu meurs cette nuit, tu mourras ainsi dans la foi conforme à la saine nature (lIslam) et si tu te réveilles le matin ce sera un bon réveil ». (URA)
81-الثَّامِنُ: عنْ أبي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيق رضي اللَّه عنه عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عثمانَ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ عُمَرَ بن كعب بنِ سعدِ بْنِ تَيْمِ بْن مُرَّةَ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْن لُؤيِّ بْنِ غَالِب الْقُرَشِيِّ التَّيْمِيِّ رضي اللَّه عنه - وهُو وأبُوهُ وَأُمَّهُ صحابَةٌ، رضي اللَّه عنهم - قَالَ: نظرتُ إِلَى أقْدَامِ المُشْرِكِينَ ونَحنُ في الْغَارِ وهُمْ علَى رُؤُوسِنا فقلتُ: يَا رسولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَنَّ أحَدَهمْ نَظرَ تَحتَ قَدميْهِ لأبصرَنا فَقَالَ:"مَا ظَنُّك يَا أَبا بكرٍ باثْنْينِ اللَّهُ ثالثُِهْما" متفقٌ عَلَيهِ.
Hadith 81 - Bab 7 (Firm Belief and Perfect Reliance on Allah)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (May Allah bepleased with him) said: When Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) and I were in the cave of Thaur and I saw the feet of the polytheists who were above us at the mouth of the cave (on the eve of the Emigration), I submitted: "O Messenger of Allah! If one of them were to look down below his feet, he would see us". He (Peace be upon him) said, "O Abu Bakr! What do you think of two whose third is Allah".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Abou Bakr (le véridique) (RA) qui fut, de même que son père et sa mère, compagnon du Prophète (saws) a dit : « Quand nous étions (lui et le Prophète) dans la grotte (où ils sétait cachés dans leur fuite vers Médine), je regardais les pieds des idolâtres qui étaient juste au-dessus de nous et je dis : « O Messager de Dieu (saws) ! Si lun deux regardait au-dessous de ses pieds, il nous verrait ». Il dit : « Que penses-tu, O Abou Bakr ! de deux compagnons dont le troisième est Dieu ? » (URA)
Hadith 82 - Bab 7 (Firm Belief and Perfect Reliance on Allah)
Chapter 1 (The Book of Miscellany)
Umm Salamah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: Whenever the Prophet (Peace be upon him) stepped out of his house, he would say, "Bismillah, tawakkaltu 'alallah. Allahumma inni a'udhu bika an adilla aw udalla, aw azilla aw uzalla, aw azlima aw uzlama, aw ajhala aw yujhala 'alayya". "[I go forth. (I begin with the Name of Allah, I trust in Allah; O Allah! I seek refuge in You from leaving or being led astray, or against slipping or being caused to slip; or doing injustice or being done injustice; or doing wrong or having wrong done to me)]".
[Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi reported it. According to At-Tirmidhi, this Hadith is classified as Hasan Sahih. Its wording is from Abu Dawud].
La mère des Croyants (lépouse du Prophète) Oummou Salma (RA) a dit : « Quand le Prophète (saws) sortait de la maison, il disait : « Au nom de Dieu. Je men remets à Dieu. Seigneur Dieu ! Je me mets sous Ta protection afin de ne point mégarer ni égarer personne, afin de ne pas glisser dans lerreur ni dy être poussé, afin de ne commettre aucune injustice et de ne pas en subir, de ne point me comporter en insensé ni dêtre victime des insensés ! « (Rapporté par Abou Dâoud et Tirmidhi)