بَابٌ فِي التَّوَلِّي يَوْمَ الزَّحْفِ
| 2319 حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو تَوْبَةَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ خِرِّيتٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : نَزَلَتْ { إِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صَابِرُونَ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ } فَشَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ حِينَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ لَا يَفِرَّ وَاحِدٌ مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ جَاءَ تَخْفِيفٌ فَقَالَ : { الْآنَ خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَنْكُمْ } ، قَرَأَ أَبُو تَوْبَةَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ { يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ } . قَالَ : فَلَمَّا خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُمْ مِنَ العِدَّةِ نَقَصَ مِنَ الصَّبْرِ بِقَدْرِ مَا خَفَّفَ عَنْهُمْ |
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: The month consists of twenty-nine days, but do not fast till you sight it (the moon) and do not break your fast till you sight it. If the weather is cloudy, calculate it thirty days. When the twenty-ninth of Sha'ban came, Ibn Umar would send someone (who tried) to sight the moon for him. If it was sighted, then well and good; in case it was not sighted, and there was no cloud and dust before him (on the horizon), he would not keep fast the next day. If there appeared (on the horizon) before him cloud or dust, he would fast the following day. Ibn Umar would end his fasting alone with the people, and did not follow this calculation.
| 2320 حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى حَدَّثَهُ ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَهُ ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ مِنْ سَرَايَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : فَحَاصَ النَّاسُ حَيْصَةً ، فَكُنْتُ فِيمَنْ حَاصَ قَالَ : فَلَمَّا بَرَزْنَا قُلْنَا : كَيْفَ نَصْنَعُ وَقَدْ فَرَرْنَا مِنَ الزَّحْفِ وَبُؤْنَا بِالْغَضَبِ ؟ فَقُلْنَا : نَدْخُلُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَنَتَثَبَّتُ فِيهَا وَنَذْهَبُ وَلَا يَرَانَا أَحَدٌ . قَالَ : فَدَخَلْنَا فَقُلْنَا : لَوْ عَرَضْنَا أَنْفُسَنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَنَا تَوْبَةٌ أَقَمْنَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ ذَهَبْنَا . قَالَ : فَجَلَسْنَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ قُمْنَا إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْنَا : نَحْنُ الْفَرَّارُونَ فَأَقْبَلَ إِلَيْنَا فَقَالَ : لَا . بَلْ أَنْتُمُ الْعَكَّارُونَ . قَالَ : فَدَنَوْنَا فَقَبَّلْنَا يَدَهُ ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّا فِئَةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ |
Ibn ‘Umar reported the Apostle of Allaah(ﷺ) as saying “The month consists of twenty nine days, but do not fast till you sight it (the moon) and do not break your fast till you sight it. If the weather is cloudy, calculate it thirty days. When the twenty-ninth of Sha’ban came, Ibn ‘Umar would send someone (who tried) to sight the moon for him. If it was sighted then well and good, in case it was not sighted and there was no cloud and dust before him (on the horizon) he would not keep fast the next day. If there appeared (on the horizon) before him cloud or dust, he would fast the following day. Ibn ‘Umar would end his fasting alone with the people and did not follow this calculation.”
| 2321 حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ ، حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ، قَالَ : نَزَلَتْ فِي يَوْمِ بَدْرٍ { وَمَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ } |
'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz wrote (a letter) to the people of Basrah: It has reached us from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), like the tradition narrated by Ibn 'Umar from the Prophet (ﷺ). This version adds: The best calculation is that when we sight the moon of Sha'ban on such-and-such date, fasting will being on such-and-such dates, Allah willing, except they they sight the moon before that (date).